Know the type of soil analysis you need

Soil testing laboratories can provide information on your local soil types, and tell you what you need to keep the soil fertilized. But you need to know what you're looking for. Rather than run expensive broad-spectrum tests, you may only need to do specific tests. Also, find soil testing laboratories that offer fast, reliable service.

I recommend: Ohio State University offers a simple checklist of things you should look for from soil testing laboratories. Virginia Tech offers a list for farmers and gardeners to help them get the correct soil evaluation.

Use the right soil testing equipment

The soil testing lab can only do so much with an improperly taken soil test. Contact the lab to get the correct directions for the type of testing that they perform. Typically, you need to take soil samples from several areas of a field in order to get a viable soil sample. Each sample should come from a specific depth. You also need to handle the soil sample in the right manner for optimal test results.

I recommend: The University of Massachusetts gives you a list of specific soil tests and their costs. The University of Minnesota offers a similar list on theirs.

Get the right soil analysis for organic farming

Organic tests should include content analysis for soil humus, organic matter, microbial matter and compost. This kind of test helps insure total soil health, rather than a test that emphasizes minerals alone. If you're farming organically be sure your lab can meet your specifications.

I recommend: The National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service offers a guide to organic soil testing. Texas Plant and Soil Lab (TPSL) offers all types of soil testing for organic farms. Oregon State University offers soil testing for small farms focused on organic farming.