Network adapters 101

While all network adapters connect your PC to others, there are several different types that you should be familiar with. PCI adapters are the original network adapters; they are mostly found inside of desktops. PC card adapters (also known as PCMCIA cards) are external network adapters and insert into a slot on the side of a notebook (they can cost as little as $25). These are generally sold by cell phone carriers like AT&T, Sprint, and Verizon Wireless and add wireless connectivity to a notebook. USB adapters plug into a USB port to add network access. A final type of computer network adapter, a virtual private network (VPN), is software-based and simulates the functions of network adapters.

I recommend: Find a variety of network adapters at Newegg.com. You’ll probably need a computer network adapter driver, too, so check the manufacturer sites for the latest drivers.

If Ethernet is built in, a computer network adapter won’t be necessary

Most new PCs include Ethernet and a network interface built in. Ethernet is generally integrated into the motherboard or included in a dedicated Ethernet chip, which is connected through the PCI adapter. If Ethernet is built into your system, you won’t need a computer network adapter. Checking for network adapters is simple. Look for an RJ-45 jack (which looks like a phone jack, only a little larger and flatter) on the back of the system. You can also open Windows Device Manager to look for integrated network adapters.

I recommend: If you’re having an issue with a network adapter driver, check the manufacturer’s site or the rather extensive list at Network-Drivers.com. Before purchasing a new PC, check the manufacturer’s site for the details on network adapters. The major PC manufacturers, Dell, Gateway, HP, Lenovo, and Toshiba, all provide this information in the technical specs of the systems they sell. Also look for networking hardware on Business.com.

Making sense of wireless network adapters

Most new notebooks have built-in wireless (or Wi-Fi) network adapters. There are different standards set up by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Each operates on a different band and achieves different speeds. Current systems usually include 802.11a (which operates on the 5-GHz band and achieves a maximum speed of 54 Mbps), 802.11b, and 802.11g (use 2.4-GHz band and 11 Mbps and 54 Mbps, respectively). The newest and fastest standard is 802.11n. It operates on either band and has a max data rate of 700 Mbps. While most notebooks include 802.11a/b/g, some newer models are also bundling 802.11n. If your system doesn’t have it built in and you want the speed, look for a wireless router and PC card to add it.

I recommend: Manufacturers like Belkin, Linksys, D-Link, and Netgear sell a variety of wireless network adapters. Find these and other sellers of wireless network adapters at Business.com.

Using cellular cards as network adapters

Recent network improvements make it possible for some cellular cards to reach speeds almost as fast as wired connections. Adding one of these cards to your notebook is relatively inexpensive (most are either free or under $100), but they require a monthly data service plan, which can run as much as $79.99 per month. You’ll find this cost worth it if you’re frequently traveling and spending money to connect to a hotel’s Wi-Fi network.

I recommend: Take a look at reviews of the latest cards at PC Magazine  and LAPTOP Magazine. To add wireless broadband to your laptop, check out AT&T, Sprint, and Verizon Wireless. Find a card that covers the area where you’ll use it most. Additional options for  cellular and paging parts and accessories can be found on Business.com.

Blazing-fast transfers with a FireWire adapter

A FireWire adapter makes it possible to transfer data between your PC and compatible peripherals. The benefit of using a FireWire adapter? Speedy data transfers, which make it a favorite for uploading video from a camcorder. External hard drives, cameras, and camcorders are three of the most popular devices that will connect to your PC via a FireWire adapter. Many new systems, especially higher-end notebooks include FireWire ports (all Apple models have them installed). Check the specs on a system if you’re looking for this connectivity.

I recommend: For a FireWire adapter, visit Yahoo! Shopping where you can compare prices and features.