Guide to Analyzing and Interpreting Financial Statements

Discover the details of different financial statements

The income statement and balance sheet are the main parts of a financial statement. Income statements, also called profit and loss (p&l) statements, show the money in (income, revenue and sales) and money out (expenses and costs) of a business. What's left over is the profit. Balance sheets show what a company owns and what it owes. A cash flow statement looks at ways cash enters and leaves a company.

I recommend: Get up to speed on financial statements at StudyFinance or Tutorialized. At StudyFinance, from the University of Arizona, you can get a particularly succinct overview and examples of key statements, including the balance sheet, income statement and other basic financial statements.

Know the important line items

There are several key pieces of information you'll want to analyze. Working capital is determined by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. Look at the amount of revenue you earn on a monthly, quarterly and yearly basis to see if you are meeting your business objectives. Compensation may be one of the biggest expenses if you have employees. Don't forget to include the costs of your own salary and benefits.

I recommend: The U.S. Small Business Administration has a helpful section on financial statement basics for business startups. You'll find detailed explanations of balance sheets and income statements.

Enlist software help to get your financial ducks in order

Financial software can help collect and organize financial information, as well as run a wide range of charts and reports.

I recommend: Install MYOB or Quick Books on your computer to handle your accounting needs. Use the budgeting function to record numbers and generate reports. Each program offers extensive help to prepare and understand the different types of financial statements you can produce.

Check the bottom line on profits

Profit margin is found by subtracting general and administrative expenses from gross profit, then dividing that number by sales.

I recommend: OutlookSoft has software that creates financial reports. Write an annual report to share company progress and financial data with investors.

Establish more financial credibility

Listing your company's financial information with a business database can help give potential clients an overview of your company's financial history and stability. Financial statements, bill-paying history and creditworthiness are just some of the areas that clients may be able to access in a report about your company.

I recommend: D&B has small business reporting solutions.